Reading J.R.R. Tolkien by Audiobook and Adaptation: Thoughts on a Portland Discovery

It was pouring rain in Portland as Nicolas and I wove our way through the artisan-filled streets of this renewed East Coast City. I love Portland, though we were not visiting on the best of circumstances. Just a couple of hours earlier, with too little sleep, Nicolas and I had left a sunny Boston behind. Our pilgrimage complete, we had seen one of our favourite bands, Twenty One Pilots, live at the Gardens. Boston is only a 10 or 11 hour drive from where we live, so it is worth the time and money when the right conference or concert comes our way. That we left Prince Edward Island only a few hours after I had landed from my research trip to England was part of the fun. The torrential rain would later become heavy snow as we headed North to Canada, causing us to seek refuge in a nondescript roadside motel. But we were still riding high as we hit Portland with one destination in mind: The Green Hand.

The Green Hand is testimony to the fact that one of the best gifts that Science Fiction has given us is time travel. Stepping into the Green Hand is like stepping back a generation, in the days before big warehouse bookstores become the digital and analog norm. While Portland has a number of great indie bookstores, the Green Hand is entirely dedicated to speculative fiction: fantasy, ghost stories, horror, the supernatural, the weird, classic and contemporary SciFi, and all manner of genre fiction at the edges of our imaginative possibilities. The Green Hand is my destination for hard-to-find Stephen King and Ursula K. Le Guin editions or stumble-upon classic sf discoveries. It takes hours to truly explore the store, including occasional deposits of pirated fan papers like early Tolkien language guides. That it has an entire section dedicated to Philip K. Dick says much.

Heading back to the car, we popped into Enterprise Records. Our excuse was to let the hardest rain pass by, but it is hard to resist the lure of used vinyl. There are a few great places in Downtown Maine, like Moody Lords and Electric Buddhas, but Enterprise Record’s vintage sign and straight-up bin-discovery set-up means there is usually something to find for collectors and something leftover for abecedarians like me. This time, I was content to find a $3 Abbey Road–playable, but not good enough to be collectable.

On a whim, I checked the audiobook bin and made a startling discovery. I found a beautiful, library withdrawal copy of the Nicol Williamson’s abridged reading of The Hobbit. Although there are some pirated versions of this edition that make their way through the Tolkienist versions of the not-so-mirky web (i.e., it’s on Youtube), the LP is a pretty rare find. I was able to get this copy in pretty good shape for $30–a bargain at twice the price, though still a conversation I would have to have with my very patient wife.

I am hardly any kind of collector as so many Tolkienists are. I have a US 1st edition of The Silmarillion, which I got for $10 at a used bookstore in Vermont where the owner did not seem like she wanted to sell any of her books. I have a nice boxed anniversary edition of The Hobbit, printed beautifully and well-illustrated. I have that original wide-sized printing of the Tolkien-illustrated Mr. Bliss, and I purchased the Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth Bodleian coffee table book because I love Tolkien’s work in pen and ink. And I like the look of my UK 2nd edition Lord of the Rings on the shelf, though nothing of mine is terribly valuable.

What drew me to the Nicol Williamson recording was my particular love of well-produced audiobooks or audio rarities, like the recordings of Tolkien that are now digitally available but were once pretty hard to find. While I would normally consider any abridgement a kind of literary sin–more because of the terrible quality of most abridgments rather than any authorial loyalty–this version has become a kind of cult classic. I have no interest in Martin Shaw’s abridged reading, but I was curious about this Nicol Williamson LP. I only found out later that I had done well in the bargain.

Truth be told, listening to Tolkien’s tales on tape has produced mixed results for me. Nicol Williamson’s version is peppy and lively, very hobbit- and dwarf-focussed, bringing dialogue and adventure to the front of the story. For a Hobbit audiobook, I prefer Rob Inglis’ voice in the unabridged reading–including all the little details that, for me, make The Hobbit a gateway to Tolkien’s epic. Right now, I am listening to Inglis’ version of The Lord of the Rings and quite enjoying it. I don’t love the voicing of Gimli and Legolas–I think Peter Jackson‘s characters have burrowed into my imagination–but Inglis brings the world alive for me, creaky singing voice and all.

Still, I remain a little hesitant. I did not love the bits of the dramatized versions that I have heard of The Lord of the Rings–though I have it in a full audiocassette boxset if I want to give it a try. I liked the BBC’s Tales from the Perilous Realm stories, though Derek Jacobi wins the prize there, for me. I read Andy Serkis’ version of The Hobbit earlier this winter. It was excellently done, but I did not love it. When reading The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, I want the books in my hand–and not the fancy versions, but my trusty, cheap, well-worn paperbacks that I bought in Japan when I was missing the sound of the English tongue. So I have Timothy and Samuel West’s Beren and Lúthien and The Fall of Gondolin on my audible wishlist, as well as Christopher Lee’s The Children of Hurin, but I have never pulled the trigger. I see that Unfinished Tales will land on audio by the Wests, but I probably won’t pre-order it until I’ve read the other attempts.

My hesitation is a little strange to me. I love audiobooks, and I think Beren and Lúthien one of the best things I have ever read. Also, Martin Shaw’s deep, resonant reading helped The Silmarillion come alive for me. While I had powered through–as I discuss here–now I reread the tale of the Silmarils with a new kind of delight. The audiobooks are a fun way to reread quite a number of the tales that might slide to the edge of my bookshelf otherwise. And yet it was that reading by Andy Serkis that made me yearn for the text itself rather than a storyteller’s interpretation in my ear.

As I thought about this seeming contradiction, I realized that what the audiobooks were doing for me was to push me back to the text. This is undoubtedly a good thing. As I read (i.e. listened), I found myself wandering over to the bookshelf to look up a passage I had not noticed before.

The Andy Serkis reading of The Hobbit was fresh for me because his voicing of the text began to match with certain elements of the films that I had seen only years before. This is no surprise. Serkis was the voice of Gollum in the Peter Jackson films, including brief appearances in the first installment of the Hobbit trilogy. Back when they were released, I wrote reviews about the bumbled but interesting nature of the Hobbit films, admitting that I loved more of Tolkien’s world, but they had rather overdrawn the story. What was surprising to me, however, were a number of tiny text details that I had never noticed before that flashed into my mind as film images, provoked by Andy Serkis’ reading. These include little turns of phrase, particular details of costume, the habits and movements of the characters, and the way the poetry is capturing either an element of atmosphere, a critical point of lore, or foretelling an aspect of the adventure.

In the original Jackson LOTR film trilogy, which I still love, there simply is not time for the long, luxurious time that The Fellowship of the Rings spends in Rivendell, particularly at the council–one of Tolkien’s longest chapters. In over-drawing the Hobbit films, however, there may be more details available to us than would have been the case with a nice, three-hour fairy-tale film like The Hobbit deserves. By an odd circuitous route, then–from the fan-favourite Nicol Williamson reading that was fun but unfulfilling, to the excellent Andy Serkis reading that I did not love, to the over-produced Peter Jackson films that I enjoyed with grave reservations–I have found what I love best about both audiobooks and adaptations: they send me back to the text richer, inspiring me to read more deeply and to hear the text with different voices.

It really is amazing what you might discover in downtown Portland!

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Ann Radcliffe’s Absolutely Essential “The Mysteries of Udolpho” (1794) and the Books I’d Rather Read

Ann Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho: A Romance Interspersed With Some Pieces of Poetry (1794) has been one of those books that I have been wanting to read for some time—wanting to read in one way, but hesitant in another.

Radcliffe is a literary master of Gothic literature, which gave birth to some of the great 19th-century English novels and is behind genres of horror and fantasy that I love (as well as ghost stories, which I don’t particularly thirst for). She is also one of the crucial voices behind one of my favourite authors, Jane Austen—not just in Austen’s parody of Udolpho, Northanger Abbey, but in a certain sophistication of style combined with immediacy of characters who have a particular sensitivity to their place in the world. I suppose the brief appearance of Ann Radcliffe in Becoming Jane will be the only serious biopic we ever see of her, but her importance in English literary history cannot be overstated.

However, I have always been a little hesitant. Mostly, I must admit, because the book is quite long. Don’t judge me, for I am a wee bit wounded by Samuel Richardson’s Pamela, and the 18th-century simply does not invite me into its lush (and long) valleys. I’m not against long books as I currently need a prosthetic limb to help me hold up Susanna Clarke’s regency-era 1000-page fantasy novel, Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell. I also have a perverse attraction to Stephen King’s writing and a committed SHANWAR reader. But with so many great, long books to read in the cold nights of winter or long summer evenings, I found that each time I went to the bookshelf, I reached for books that were not the classic and famously popular, The Mysteries of Udolpho.

And … I did find it terribly long. I liked the protagonist, for the most part. I loved the section of the book that is actually at Udolpho. I don’t even mind a long build—and Emily’s story is a long build. However, Radcliffe’s importance as a writer, her innate ability to capture landscape and atmosphere, and her exquisite prose cannot bring me to forgive her for the extremely long and unnecessary family background to the Marquis De Villeroi’s late introduction to the story. Really, Book IV was drudge match for me, even though the piece ties up nicely and the excellence in descriptive prose does not slacken.

Moreover, the coincidences in this book are beyond belief. I love serendipity. I am always intrigued by the quiet hand of Providence working in a novel. But the connections and surprising links in this book are—if they are indeed providential—of a miraculous quality rather than a quiet intrigue. It is a pretty good collection of mysteries and thrills, all told. But the unbelievable coincidences and something in the tone of writing combine with my satirical mind to ill effect. When Vallencourt appears suddenly from offstage, I imagine a band in the pit playing spooky or surprise or joyful or solemn music, as is appropriate to that particular sudden vision. Think ‘50s radio drama and an awed pronunciation, “Vallencourt,” and you have a sense of what I mean.

And given the number of times the poor, beleaguered heroine faints, I am pretty sure she had better be treated for anemia or low blood pressure. “Faint” occurs 162, “overcome” 66 times, and there are countless other losses of consciousness—at least one every chapter. Poor girl. I wish her constitution matched her strength of moral character.

Now, I truly really recognize the literary and historical merits of the book. She is a lovely writer. From a feminist angle, Radcliffe is pretty important. As someone who profoundly transformed the novel form from the Samuel Richardson generation, and could write a Gothic tale to rival Michael Lewis’ The Monk, Radcliffe created a space for Austen and other women writers to excel in their craft.

Moreover, I think her contribution is deeper than that. Charles Dickens awakened a readerly world to the great and often preventable suffering in their own neighbourhoods. So many times when reading Dickens, I want to cry out, “This is unacceptable!” Likewise, Radcliffe’s heroine in The Mysteries of Udolpho is smart, capable, devout, loyal, perceptive, and wise beyond her years, while being thoroughly good—not unlike Esther Summerson in Bleak House. However, the maneuvering of the villainous men (and one woman enthralled in an insipid self) in Udolpho shows how utterly trapped a good woman can be by men who are content to be evil. In the 1790s Mary Wollstonecraft’s prose awakened a reasonable generation with her pen, but it was stories like Radcliffe’s that awakened the imagination to shape their response.

None of this, however, can help me go from liking the book to loving it. I am glad I read The Mysteries of Udolpho. When I first read Jane Austen, though, I wanted to read more Jane Austen. When I read Radcliffe for the first time, I wanted to read Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë, or Mary Shelley—or even Stephen King.* Indeed, it’s possible we may not have these authors without Radcliffe’s late 18th-century romances, making The Mysteries of Udolpho an essential read for lovers of historical novels, Gothic literature, supernatural fiction, and the early roots of horror. And yet, it is these later great writers that draw me in to the beauty and depth of the story in a way that makes me want to read more.

*Truthfully, I am hesitating right now. Do I read Northanger Abbey next, the parody of Udolpho? Or go to Frankenstein as I planned? Or read The Green Mile? Something in Udolpho made me want to reread The Brothers Karamazov, if I have a free half-year available…. See, that’s a long book I have infinite patience for!

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“The Science Fiction Makers” Documentary–and I am In It!

As I am a perennially awkward person, I don’t mind admitting that I have always wanted to be on one of those History Channel-type documentaries. True, I hardly ever watch them as it seems when I am in the mood to sit and watch TV, they are always uncovering the secret alien history of the Bible or some such nonsense. You can guess, then, that I was fairly pleased to be asked to be part of Andrew Wall’s newest documentary, The Science Fiction Makers: Rousseau, Lewis, and L’Engle.

Andrew Wall is a strangely productive film-maker. I’m amazed at his output. But he also has an admirable level of quality. The Science Fiction Makers is Part 2 of the Faith in Imagination Series. When I screened–us seasoned film folk say “screened” instead of “showed”–when I screened the first film in the series, my family said, “Oh, that’s actually pretty good.” High praise for our critical household. And I agree. The Fantasy Makers: Tolkien, Lewis and MacDonald was informative and enjoyable, setting a pretty high standard.

Andrew Wall’s company, Refuge 31 Films, recently released his new documentary The Science Fiction Makers: Rousseau, Lewis and L’Engle. This feature documentary examines the unique story of the Christian Science-Fiction sub-genre and three writers that played a role in its emergence. In the midst of pandemic social distancing rules, unable to travel across the world to interview scholars of imaginative literature, Wall managed to produce a strong documentary about the lives and literature of C.S. Lewis, Madeleine L’Engle, and an obscure, interesting, and unusual 20th-century Christian sf writer, Victor Rousseau.

What I love about this film is how Wall gives the scholars and artists time to share deeply and meaningfully about the work of these intriguing and ground-breaking figures. The Science Fiction Makers then frames those scholarly comments within a narrative that makes sense of the whole. Well done to Andrew Wall and the Refuge 31 team!

For those who have trouble spotting me, I’m the guy in the trailer not wearing a cool t-shirt under his blazer–in contrast to Emily Strand, who now rates #1 for me in documentary dress wear. In this film, you can also hear the elfin voice of Malcolm Guite, the clear and evocative ideas of Diana Glyer, and a number of other scholars and writers who provide so much depth to the question of 20th-century Christian science fiction. You can find The Science Fiction Makers on Amazon Prime, specifically on the Super Channel, depending on where you live. You can find the website here.

Enjoy, and here’s the trailer for The Fantasy Makers:

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The Canadian Authors the Prime Minister and Brenton Forgot to Read: Guest Post by Author Mark Sampson

I was so grateful and humbled when Brenton included some of my work on his list “The Canadian Books the Prime Minister Forgot to Read,” so I jumped at his invitation to add five more Canadian authors of my own to keep the conversation going. Full disclosure: my list skews heavily toward the Maritimes–Canada’s Eastern coast–which tells you something about where my creative soul lives. But these are authors I’ve come back to for multiple books; they are authors I’m constantly recommending to friends and acquaintances; they are the authors whose work continues to resonate with and inspire me. Enjoy!

Lynn Coady

I have been a huge fan of Coady since her debut novel, Strange Heaven, was published in 1998. Born and raised in Port Hawkesbury, NS, Coady’s writing captures the vernacular and mentalities of Cape Breton like nobody else. Her finest book, in my opinion, is The Antagonist, which was shortlisted for the Scotiabank Giller Prize. But really, all of Coady’s books bring such a rich array of rewards and surprises.

Funny, caustic, and surprisingly touching, her work is tops.

Amy Jones

I’ve been a big fan of Amy Jones since her debut collection of stories, What Boys Like, came out about a decade ago. It took Jones a while after this acclaimed collection to find her way to a novel, but the wait was worth it: We’re All in This Together and Every Little Piece of Me are both wise and funny novels that really capture the zeitgeist of her time and place: Jones is as comfortable writing about social media and reality TV as she is about the emotional landscapes of her characters.

I cannot wait to see what she publishes next.

Ray Smith

When Ray Smith died in 2019, Canada lost one of its truest literary iconoclasts. Smith burst onto the scene in the late 1960s with a surrealist collection of short stories called Cape Breton Is the Thought Control Centre of Canada, and followed it up with one of the most bewitching novels I’ve ever read, Lord Nelson Tavern – a novel that plays with time and space and character relationships like none other. Smith spent his entire career flying under the literary radar, but to paraphrase an old Alexander Keith’s ad, those of us who like him, like him a lot.

Esi Edugyan

The only writer on this list with no connection to the East coast, she remains one of my go-to authors for a full, rich literary read. She has won not one but two Giller prizes, for her novels Half-Blood Blues and Washington Black. I loved the latter so much that I re-experienced it recently as an audiobook, read to perfection by Dion Graham.

There is a very good chance we’ll be reading Edugyan’s work for many decades to come.

John Wall Barger

I discovered the poetry of John Wall Barger the best way I know how: I read him in a Canadian literary journal. In it, he had published a poem about “the ugliest building in Halifax,” an office tower located on the corner of Quinpool Rd. and Robie St. (We used to call it the “Rice Krispie Square” when I lived in that city). I was immediately hooked on Barger’s keen poetic eye and flare for description. He has published several collections now, including Pain-Proof MenThe Mean Game, and my favourite, The Book of Festus. Few poets in Canada write with the kind of exuberance as Barger. The energy and propulsion in his verse is a real breath of fresh air.

Mark Sampson has published four novels: All the Animals on Earth (Wolsak & Wynn, 2020), The Slip (Dundurn Press, 2017), Sad Peninsula, (Dundurn Press, 2014) and Off Book (Norwood Publishing, 2007). He has also published a short story collection, The Secrets Men Keep (Now or Never Publishing, 2015), and a poetry collection, Weathervane (Palimpsest Press, 2016). Born and raised on Prince Edward Island, he currently lives and writes in Toronto. 

You can find my reviews of some of his work here:

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The Thieves of Time and Waking Wonder: Writing as Discovery and the Stone-Carver’s Art

After weeks of too little sleep, I have had two terrible half-nights awake. These torturous midnight hours of hazy, half-insomniac puzzles and quandaries and obsessions, the darkness that infuses weariness into the bone-soul of life… I would purchase a single eight-hour night of sleep if it weren’t so dear. Even six hours would do.

However, I do tend to sleep well after about 3:30am, so I was looking forward to this morning. Tonight is time-travel night where the gods of time steal an hour from our lives (where I live anyway), and at 8am tomorrow morning (really, 7am) I will be playing bass to Brit-pop worship songs. So today was my day to sleep in. There were no worries to keep me awake. Following a great week of work at my desk, there was a glorious Saturday before me: a couple of hours of stacking wood in warm weather (it is just below the freezing mark here), my day to make eggs and toast for the family while Kerry prepares her neighbourhood-famous Thai curry, some guitar time with Nicolas, the beginning of a reno project, a hike, an evening with friends…. Nothing requiring anything but my hands and my smile.

Gibson, John; Cupid and Psyche; https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/O5613<br /> Credit line: (c) (c) Royal Academy of Arts / Photographer credit: Highnam, Paul /

John Gibson, Cupid and Psyche

And … I was wide-awake at 6am. Too blurry-eyed to read, too sore and restless to discern the constellations in my stucco ceiling, I gave it up as a bad job and set my feet on the birch wood floor.

However, as my household is either at rest or out on royal errands, I decided to sneak to my desk with the goal of stilling the whirling dervishes of my mind. Of course, that’s the wonderful thing about dervishes: their whirling calls them to something beyond, so all the busy patterns of flare and movement are really a kind of stillness that is also a making, the poetic unity of form and image. So it is with ideas and ink and all arts of mind and heart and hand. Mysteriously, after a restless night of journeying endlessly through the halls of my mind, I arrive at my desk and find my imagination alive with sheer possibility in the adventure of writing.

The scientists tell us that songbirds practice their melodies while they sleep, dream-singing in new ways as they imaginatively test the limits of their art. Finch am I, then, and words my song.

Birds on branches stone wall, Yu Lung San Tien En Si (Jade Dragon Temple)Somehow through these wakeful hours and nights, my decade of C.S. Lewis scholarship has coalesced and I see where it all fits together. I awoke with a playful thought about Dymer in my head, a follow-up to a talk I gave in Oxford in 2018 about Lewis’ obscure 1920s narrative poem. It is also a feature of the central part of a chapter I have been working on. There was something there that I hadn’t seen before. Indeed, even as I awoke, it was still skirting the corner of my vision. But when my fingers touched the keyboard, the words were there.

This is how it is for us little makers, I believe. We see the image in the stone only in the cutting, we find the story in the telling, we know love in the loving.

The other day, I was listening to an interview on CBC‘s arts and culture show, Q. Tom Power was interviewing JP Saxe, a Grammy-nominated Canadian singer-songwriter. JP was talking about how his partner is also a songwriter, and the dynamics of expressing their love to one another through their art. Then JP gave listeners a blessing of profound worth:

“I would wish everyone the kind of love that feels bigger than they’re able to describe.”

Wow, yes. When Tom Power asked what the goal of songwriting was, JP answered in a way that resonated with me:

“My goal is to be honest in my music… The exciting thing about honesty is that I don’t know what that means, exactly, until it happens. So to me the process of discovering my music is the same process of discovering myself. I often learn things about myself in these songs that I didn’t fully understand until I was able to sing it back to myself.”

The words of the ages in pop music sensibility. The moment was so intriguing to me that I pulled the car over and shared this tweet:

https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js

This is what writing is for me: saying things aloud to know that they’re true. Teaching is discovery–for me, at least. I write articles and essays and books in order to know what I mean. I know it sounds counterintuitive, but the 600 or 700 analytical pieces I have done on this website, the lectures and public talks, the book that I have been shaping for five years and the ones in me to write–bringing these words to life is not just about sharing what I know, but about inviting others along in the process of discovery. I write because there is truth in these words that I didn’t fully understand until I was able to read them back to myself. I pick up a chisel and hammer to find the image that was in the stone all along, but only discoverable when iron meets the ages.

Garbe, Richard Louis; West Wind; The Potteries Museum &amp; Art Gallery; http://www.artuk.org/artworks/west-wind-268880

Richard Louis Garbe, West Wind

Intriguingly, C.S. Lewis wrote Dymer, his first published work of fantastic fiction, in very much the way I describe. Like Harry Potter arriving fully formed in J.K. Rowling‘s imagination during a bus-ride nearly three decades ago, C.S. Lewis discovered Dymer. He tells the story in his 1950 preface to the reprinting of the poem:

I am told that the Persian poets draw a distinction between poetry which they have “found” and poetry which they have “brought”: if you like, between the given and the invented…. Their terminology applies with unusual clarity to my poem. What I “found,” what simply “came to me” was the story of a man who, on some mysterious bride, begets a monster: which monster, as soon as it has killed its father, becomes a god. This story arrived, complete, in my mind somewhere about my seventeenth year. To the best of my knowledge I did not consciously or voluntarily invent it, nor was it, in the plain sense of that word, a dream. All I know about it is that there was
a time when it was not there, and then presently a time when it was.

Making as discovery, the image in the stone.

And so, I am awake–not out back by the woodpile, in the early morning sunshine splintered by fat flakes of snow that never seems to fall, but here at my desk with keys beneath my fingertips. I awoke with a thought, an itch of an idea that I thought worth attending to. In writing out that Dymer idea–it was only 29 words in the end–I began to see the connecting thread to another project, and from that project to the work I am doing as a whole. I study C.S. Lewis using my tools as a theologian, as a literary critic, as a cultural critic, as an educator, as a fiction writer, and as an archivist. I know on the outside that these seem like different kinds of things, winding and disparate paths. But in waking, in taking a breath and then making words appear on the screen, I can see the symphonic unity of the whole. I, at least, can see the image in the stone.

For most readers, the details of the discovery are far less interesting than the process. Following my current project (book proposals going out in a week), I now see that I have a trilogy of studies that has been building inside of me for years. The narrative arc is there, the throughline is clear, all the pieces are fitting together. In stepping back from the slab after years of roughing it out, I am starting to see the image in the stone. I can see my way forward with remarkable clarity.

But oh! To find the time! I am not unique in this, the struggle that little makers–artists, writers, parents, teachers, philosophers–have faced for ages, I know. Perhaps I should repent of my accusations of the gods of times that they are thieves, for they are capricious. However, these sleepless nights and the lost hour of “time-savings” seem like an apt metaphor for days that fill with good and urgent tasks, while the sculpture is still a stone slab beneath a dusty sheet.

If I can make the space, though, I know what to do with this trilogy of books–and more! I have a book-length study of L.M. Montgomery that is slowly building in me but not yet fully formed in my imagination. I am still waiting and watching. I have two novel manuscripts good enough that they should be out in the world, and a third that might be worth the time. If the time-gods are thieves, not all the muses fail. I cannot complain that I am lacking in inspiration. I could write for a decade just from my work-in-process folder and never want for things to do.

Perhaps time, too, is one of these making-discovering things, the paradox of the image in the faceless stone. It is one of Screwtape’s clever tricks to let me believe that “My time is my own,” that I am “the lawful possessor of twenty-four hours.” Perhaps that’s why I feel such a betrayal at the loss of time–for “he regards his time as his own and feels that it is being stolen” (The Screwtape Letters, letter XXI). Despite all my lament about the want of time, I cannot buy time any more than I can buy sleep or a good idea. We are all traveling “at the rate of sixty minutes an hour,” Screwtape reminds us (The Screwtape Letters, letter XXV). So all I know how to do in the meantime is to use my time well, to put my fingers to keys, to pull back the dusty sheet from the work of art that is not yet, even when it terrifies me.

I used to think that this process of discovery was like stepping back from a Seurat. There certainly is a Gestalt effect to writing nonfiction, to recognize random points and static lines as a meaningful image of subtlety and movement. But for artistic discovery as in spiritual life, I am attracted to the image in the stone, the central metaphor of C.S. Lewis’ great and surprising work of literary fiction, Till We Have Faces. For me, scholarship and fiction-writing–as it is in teaching, and in being a parent, a partner, a friend, and a follower–is like the stone carver’s art. What appears to be a final form, a work of art for ages or hours, is really the thousand hours the carver bends over the piece, the days and nights in between, the dust and breath and dust and breath, hand and mind in movement and waiting as the little maker slowly destroy the stone to find the life within.

Meanwhile, for me, there is the image in the stone. So I must discover it.

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